Ofer Hadar

Traffic encryption is vital for internet security but complicates analytical applications like video delivery optimization or quality of experience (QoE) estimation, which often rely on clear text data. While many models address the problem of QoE prediction in video streaming, the video conferencing (VC) domain remains underexplored despite rising demand for these applications. Existing models often provide low-resolution predictions, categorizing QoE into broad classes such as “high” or “low”, rather than providing precise, continuous predictions. Moreover, most models focus on clear-text rather than encrypted traffic. This paper addresses these challenges by analyzing a large dataset of Zoom sessions and training five classical machine learning (ML) models and two custom deep neural networks (DNNs) to predict three QoE indicators: frames per second (FPS), resolution (R), and the naturalness image quality evaluator (NIQE). The models achieve mean error rates of 8.27%, 7.56%, and 2.08% for FPS, R, and NIQE, respectively, using a 10-fold cross-validation technique. This approach advances QoE assessment for encrypted traffic in VC applications.