Hot/Cold Isostatic Pressing (HIP/CIP)

HIP and CIP use high pressure to eliminate porosity and enhance mechanical performance. HIP combines high temperature with gas pressure to densify metals, ceramics, and composites, improving structural integrity and fatigue resistance. CIP applies cold pressure to shape or pre‑consolidate powders before sintering. Both techniques are essential for producing high‑density components in aerospace, energy, and high‑performance engineering applications.