Sharon Pardo

This chapter examines the Maccabiah Games’ evolution from Max Nordau's ‘Muscle Judaism’ concept to its current status as a major international sporting event. Through historical analysis from 1932 to 2022, it explores the Games’ dual role as an athletic competition and a platform for sports diplomacy. The chapter traces the Maccabiah's transformation from promoting Jewish physical empowerment and immigration into a multifaceted mega-event serving broader diplomatic aims. The Games’ themes reflect adaptation to historical changes, shifting from countering antisemitism and encouraging settlement to building international Jewish unity. Despite maintaining its position as the world's third-largest sporting event, the Maccabiah has confronted challenges including declining athletic standards and inconsistent state support. The chapter highlights the Games’ distinctive character as an independent organisation operating through private networks, illustrating how it effectively channels soft power and sports diplomacy while maintaining its historical legacy and strengthening international bonds.