k-value analysis of density-dependent
processes
a. Survivorship

Fig. 1. Seedling mortality in the dune annual Androsace
septentrionalis in Poland (after Symonides 1979).

Fig. 2. Egg mortality and larval competition in
the almond moth, Ephestia cautella (after Benson 1973).

Fig. 3. Larval competition in the fruitfly Drosophila
melanogaster (after Bakker 1961).

Fig. 4. Larval mortality in the moth Plodia
interpunctella (after Snyman 1949)
b. Reduction in fecundity

Fig. 5. Gamete output in the limpet
Patella
cochlear in South Africa (after Branch 1975).

Fig. 6. Egg production in the cabbage root fly,
Erioischia
brassicae (after Benson 1973).
Fig. 7. Egg production in the grass mirid Leptoterna
dolabrata (after McNeill 1973).
Fig. 8. Seed production in the plantain
Plantago
major (after Palmblad 1968).
c. Reduction in growth

Fig. 9. The relative failure of adult females to
gain weight, as a consequence of larval competition in Drosophila
melanogaster (after Bakker 1961).

Fig. 10. Weight loss in the shephard’s purse, Capsella
bursa-pastoris (after Palmblad 1968).
(References from Begon et al. 1990)
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