List of Courses A:   Introductory Courses A.1   Water, Energy and Life in the Dryland Environment A.2   Crop Production Under Dryland Conditions A.3   Introduction to Dryland Ecology A.4   Environmental Physics in Drylands A.5   Water Resources and Management in Drylands A.6   The Human Dimension: Living in Drylands B:   Agriculture and Biotechnology for Sustainable Dryland       Development B.1   Plants in Hostile Environments B.2   Adaptation Strategies of Plants in Changing Environmental Conditions B.3   The Physical Environment of Soils and Plants B.4   Runoff Agroforestry Systems B.5   Modeling Agricultural Systems and Physiological Considerations Under Stress Conditions B.6   A Mechanistic Approach to Plant Nutrition B.7   The Role of the Membrane in the Adaptation of Plant Cells to Stress Conditions B.8   Principles of Irrigation Technology and Management B.9   Tissue Culture of Desert Plants B.10 Biotechnology in Desert Plant Development and Bioactive Compound Production B.11 The Introduction of New Industrial Crops in the Desert B.12 Animal Husbandry of Desert Herbivores B.13 Cacti as Desert Crops B.14 Microalgal Biotechnology B.15 Introduction to Desert Aquaculture C:   Ecology of Dryland         (Courses are offered jointly with the Ecology Program of BGU's Life Sciences Department) C.1   Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects of Plant Morphogenesis C.2   Relationships between Resource Heterogeneity, Biodiversity and Bioproductivity in Drylands C.3   Insect-plant Interaction in Desert Ecosystems C.4   Strategies, Structure and Function in Seed Dispersal and Germination of Desert Annuals C.5   The Ecology of Global Change C.6   Physiological Ecology C.7   Community Ecology C.8   Evolutionary Ecology C.9   Reptile Ecology C.10 Plant Ecology C.11 Population Ecology C.12 Biometry C.13 Behavioural Ecology C.14 The Evolution of Life History Strategies C.15 Ecosystem Ecology C.16 Conservation Ecology C.17 Animal Bioenergetics C.18 Soil Ecology D:   Solar Energy and the Physical Environment D.1   Solar Energy D.2   Photovoltaics and the Electrification of Remote Regions D.3   Non-imaging Optics D.4   Introduction to Remote Sensing D.4a Remote Sensing of Desertification Processes D.5   Physical Fundamentals of Remote Sensing and Data Collection D.6   Dust in Arid Environments and related Topics from Environmental Engineering D.7   Theory and Applications of Image Processing D.8   Introduction to Continuous Transport Processes D.9   Introduction to Stochastic Processes D.10 Topics in Environmental Fluid Mechanics D.11 Optimization Methods in Thermal Systems D.12 Electro-diffusion of Ions and Membrane Desalination Processes D.13 Partial Differential Equations in Mathematical Physics D.14 Introduction to Semiconductor Materials and Devices D.15 Advanced semiconductor Materials and devices for Photovoltaics D.16 Geography of Desertification E:   Water Resources and Management E.1   Utilization of Environmental Tracers in Groundwater Modeling E.2   Heavy Metals in Wastewater E.3   Irrigation Technology E.4   Meteorology of the Desert Atmosphere E.5   Precipitation Regimes in the Negev Desert E.6   Migration Processes in the Unsaturated Zone of Soil E.7   Modeling Transport Phenomena in Porous Media E.8 Environmental Tracers (Isotopes and Hydro-chemistry) in Arid Zone Hydrology E.9 A Quantitative Approach to Water Resources Management in the Desert E.10 Groundwater Microbiology E.11 Environmental Microbiology E.12 Biodegradation Process of Synthetic Organic Compound in Water And Soil F:   Man in Dryland F.1   Building Design in the Desert F.2   Urban and Regional Planning for Arid Zones F.3   Dust in the Urban Environment F.4   Desert Architecture from Antiquity to Modern Vernacular F.5   Urban Microclimate in the Desert F.6   Dryland, People and Sustainable Development F.7   Small Groups in Relative Isolation F.8   Nomadic Pastoralism Since Time Immemorial F.9   Social and Economic Development in Israel's Desert and Arid Regions F.10  Desert Settlements Through Time F.11  Desert and Arid Zone Economics F.12  Water Politics in Arid Regions F.13  The Latter Phases of Pastoral Nomadism in the Middle East F.14  What is Sustainable Development? Theoretical Perspectives and Practice F.15  Research Methods in Desert Architecture F.16  Research Methods in Social Science F.17  Gender and Development F.18  Dryland Hazards, Contigency Planning and Crisis Mangement F.19  Geographic Information Systems in Urban and Regional Planning: Applications for Desert Zones F.20  Building Materials in Desert Areas F.21  Regional Rural Planning in Desert and Dry Regions F.22  Social Relations in Resettlement Communities G:   Elective Courses G.1   Analytical Methods G.2   Reading Tutorial G.3   Student Seminar G.4   Solution Methods in Mathematics G.5   Design of Experiments and Statistical Analysis G.6   Summarizing, Writing and Presenting Scientific Data G.7   Statistical Methods